Highlights This paper proposes a unified fundamental theory that combines both pedestrian evacuation for enclosure space like rooms and traffic evacuation for open space like cities into a single set of relationships. This paper illustrated how evacuation clearance time might vary based on capital investment in planning, construction, and operational management strategies. The fundamental framework described here can be used as a starting point for practice applications to conceptualize the relative costs and benefits between clearance time benefit and monetary investment.
Abstract Evacuations, a critical and widely used emergency response action, vary widely in terms of their scale, scope, urgency and level of organization. While they differ from event to event, history shows that there are a small set of variables, inherent to all evacuations, that largely govern their effectiveness. In this paper, these fundamental variables are described from a theoretical perspective to illustrate how factors of evacuation demand and supply affect clearance time and how they can also be used to relate evacuation planning to concepts of risk, resiliency, and resource allocation. This work provides a basis for a general theory of evacuation processes that can be used it to conceptualize relationships like cost-benefit tradeoffs in evacuation management to improve long-range evacuation planning through a better understanding of the investment and allocation of resources.
A conceptual framework for illustrating and assessing risk, resilience, and investment in evacuation transportation systems
Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment ; 77 ; 525-534
2019-01-01
10 pages
Article (Journal)
Electronic Resource
English
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