Highlights We present the Electric VRPTW with partial recharges and its mathematical model. We propose an effective Adaptive Large Neighborhood Search method to solve it. We validate its performance using the benchmark instances from the literature. We present four new best-known solutions for the full recharge case. We show that the partial recharges may improve the solutions substantially.
Abstract The Electric Vehicle Routing Problem with Time Windows (EVRPTW) is an extension to the well-known Vehicle Routing Problem with Time Windows (VRPTW) where the fleet consists of electric vehicles (EVs). Since EVs have limited driving range due to their battery capacities they may need to visit recharging stations while servicing the customers along their route. The recharging may take place at any battery level and after the recharging the battery is assumed to be full. In this paper, we relax the full recharge restriction and allow partial recharging (EVRPTW-PR), which is more practical in the real world due to shorter recharging duration. We formulate this problem as a 0–1 mixed integer linear program and develop an Adaptive Large Neighborhood Search (ALNS) algorithm to solve it efficiently. We apply several removal and insertion mechanisms by selecting them dynamically and adaptively based on their past performances, including new mechanisms specifically designed for EVRPTW and EVRPTW-PR. These new mechanisms include the removal of the stations independently or along with the preceding or succeeding customers and the insertion of the stations with determining the charge amount based on the recharging decisions. We test the performance of ALNS by using benchmark instances from the recent literature. The computational results show that the proposed method is effective in finding high quality solutions and the partial recharging option may significantly improve the routing decisions.
Partial recharge strategies for the electric vehicle routing problem with time windows
Tramsportation Research, Part C: Emerging Technologies ; 65 ; 111-127
2016-01-16
17 pages
Article (Journal)
Electronic Resource
English
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