AbstractAlthough head restraints were introduced in the 1960s as a countermeasure for whiplash, their limited effectiveness has been attributed to incorrect positioning. The effect of backset on cervical segmental angulations, which were previously correlated with spinal injury, has not been delineated. Therefore, the practical restraint position to minimize injury remains unclear. A parametric study of increasing head restraint backset between 0 and 140mm was conducted using a comprehensively validated computational model. Head retraction values increased with increasing backset, reaching a maximum value of 53.5mm for backsets greater than 60mm. Segmental angulation magnitudes, greatest at levels C5–C6 and C6–C7, reached maximum values during the retraction phase and increased with increasing backset. Results were compared to a previously published head restraint rating system, wherein lower cervical extension magnitudes from this study exceeded mean physiologic limits for restraint positions rated good, acceptable, marginal, and poor. As head restraint contact was the limiting factor in head retraction and segmental angulations, the present study indicates that minimizing whiplash injury may be accomplished by limiting head restraint backset to less than 60mm either passively or actively after impact.
Effect of head restraint backset on head–neck kinematics in whiplash
Accident Analysis and Prevention ; 38 , 2 ; 317-323
2005-10-11
7 pages
Article (Journal)
Electronic Resource
English
Effect of head restraint backset on head–neck kinematics in whiplash
Online Contents | 2006
|Occupant Head Restraint Usage Heights Relative to Backset and Safety
SAE Technical Papers | 2007
|Occupant head restraint usage heights relative to backset and safety
Automotive engineering | 2006
|Effect of Head-Restraint Rigidity on Whiplash Injury Risk
SAE Technical Papers | 2004
|Effect of Head-Restraint Rigidity on Whiplash Injury Risk
British Library Conference Proceedings | 2004
|