There is an increasing interest in exploiting the flexibility of loads to provide ancillary services to the grid. In this paper we study how response delays and lockout constraints affect the controllability of an aggregation of refrigerators offering primary frequency control (PFC). First we examine the effect of delays in PFC provision from an aggregation of refrigerators, using a two-area power system. We propose a framework to systematically address frequency measurement and response delays and we determine safe values for the total delays via simulations. We introduce a controllability index to evaluate PFC provision under lockout constraints of refrigerators compressors. We conduct extensive simulations to study the effects of measurement delay, ramping times, lockout durations and rotational inertia on the controllability of the aggregation and system stability. Finally, we discuss solutions for offering reliable PFC provision from thermostatically controlled loads under lockout constraints and we propose a supervisory control to enhance the robustness of their controllers.


    Access

    Download


    Export, share and cite



    Title :

    Controllability and stability of primary frequency control from thermostatic loads with delays


    Contributors:

    Publication date :

    2017-01-01


    Remarks:

    Ziras , C , Vrettos , E & You , S 2017 , ' Controllability and stability of primary frequency control from thermostatic loads with delays ' , Journal of Modern Power Systems and Clean Energy , vol. 5 , no. 1 , pp. 43–54 . https://doi.org/10.1007/s40565-016-0262-z



    Type of media :

    Article (Journal)


    Type of material :

    Electronic Resource


    Language :

    English



    Classification :

    DDC:    629



    Thermostatic control of mixture

    Wolfard, M.R. | Engineering Index Backfile | 1929



    Thermostatic Fan Drive

    Sundstrand Hydratec,Swindon,GB | Automotive engineering | 1983


    Remote thermostatic equipment

    TANG DAILONG | European Patent Office | 2021

    Free access

    A thermostatic control of car heating

    Engineering Index Backfile | 1922