Cycling with a classic paper map was compared with navigating with a moving map displayed on a smartphone, and with auditory, and visual turn-by-turn route guidance. Spatial skills were found to be related to navigation performance, however only when navigating from a paper or electronic map, not with turn-by-turn (instruction based) navigation. While navigating, 25% of the time cyclists fixated at the devices that present visual information. Navigating from a paper map required most mental effort and both young and older cyclists preferred electronic over paper map navigation. In particular a turn-by-turn dedicated guidance device was favoured. Visual maps are in particular useful for cyclists with higher spatial skills. Turn-by-turn information is used by all cyclists, and it is useful to make these directions available in all devices.
Visual map and instruction-based bicycle navigation:a comparison of effects on behaviour
2017-01-01
de Waard , D , Westerhuis , F , Joling , D , Weiland , S , Stadtbäumer , R & Kaltofen , L 2017 , ' Visual map and instruction-based bicycle navigation : a comparison of effects on behaviour ' , Ergonomics , vol. 60 , no. 9 , pp. 1283-1296 . https://doi.org/10.1080/00140139.2017.1282628
Article (Journal)
Electronic Resource
English
Navigation , Spatial ability , map , Ageing , Cycling , ABILITY , SAFETY , PACED SMARTPHONE TASKS , SURVEY KNOWLEDGE , ACQUISITION , STRATEGIES , SYSTEMS , ROUTE , DISPLAYS , DRIVERS
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