To achieve significant improvements of air quality, large scale introduction of electric vehicles is requried. One of the possible types of electric vehicles is a battery powered car, charged from the grid using normal household outlets. The subject of the paper is whether the existing and future electricity grid can cope with a large scale introduction of such cars. On the one hand, charging electric vehicles at night, during hours with a relatively low electricity demand, can lead to better utilisation of the grid and thus to lower costs per kWh. On the other hand, a high simultaneous load at many places in a local distribution network, may lead to an unacceptable voltage drop and to an overload of the low voltage cables and/or transformers. Our main conclusions are that the capacity of the local grid is a serious bottleneck if batteries are charged during daytime. However possible future savings on electricity use could create some extra room for daytime charging. During night hours the voltage drop caused by simultaneously charging many electric vehicles could be a serious bottleneck. The situation gets more complicated when special appliances such as electric boilers are taken into account. From our analysis it is clear that when 'designing' a future traffic system with electric vehicles, the electricity distribution is an aspect to be seriously considered.
The electric vehicle and electricity distribution
Das Elektrofahrzeug und die elektrischen Versorgungsnetze
1993
7 Seiten, 2 Bilder, 1 Tabelle, 5 Quellen
Aufsatz (Konferenz)
Englisch
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