Hydrogen is considered one of the most promising future energy carriers because of its unique combustion properties. Hydrogen as a fuel for internal combustion engines promises high efficiency while maintaining near zero emissions. Hydrogen port injection operation takes advantage of some of these properties but suffers from low power output because of the low density of the gaseous fuel, which displaces intake air. This paper focuses on hydrogen direct injection as an operation strategy that combines the above mentioned advantages concerning efficiency and emissions with a power output that can exceed that of a comparable gasoline engine. The investigations were performed on a single cylinder research engine specially adapted for both hydrogen port and direct injection. The major portion of the work covers optical investigations conducted on this research engine. Two novel techniques were tested on the engine in order to assess the applicability to hydrogen operation. First an ultraviolet (UV) transmitting endoscope was used together with an intensified CCD-camera to obtain optical information of the hydrogen combustion event. This allows diagnosis of the combustion event from the intensity of UV light emitted by OH* radicals. Second spectroscopic analysis was used in an attempt to perform in-cylinder temperature measurements. As both techniques only use a rather small optical access into the combustion chamber, engine speed and cylinder pressure are not limited and insight into the combustion event is possible even at full engine speed and load. The long term target of the investigations presented in this paper is an enhanced hydrogen direct injection combustion concept that allows improved efficiency while maintaining near zero emissions in a wide operation range.
Endoscopic investigations in a hydrogen internal combustion engine
Endoskopische Untersuchungen in einem Wasserstoff-Verbrennungsmotor
2006
11 Seiten, 9 Bilder, 13 Quellen
Aufsatz (Konferenz)
Englisch
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