Application of low carbon alternative fuels for engines has been well-known as an attractive approach to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. In recent years, additional efforts have been made on the research and development of alternative fuel engines that run on natural gas, methanol, hydrogen and ammonia, because they provide more potential to achieve strict emission targets. However, a technical challenge for these alternative fuel engines is whether a qualified fuel delivery system is available. Blending is perhaps the most convenient method to burn alternative fuel. A popular blending fuel is the mixture of gasoline and 10% ethanol (E10) for use in passenger vehicles. In this case, no change is needed for the fuel delivery system. In other cases including using methanol as an alternative, the components of fuel delivery system require materials modification to prevent corrosion. High-pressure direct injection of methanol is preferred for heavy-duty engines because compression ignition exhibits high thermal efficiency. In this case, the conventional fuel delivery system needs more modifications. For example, a higher flow capacity is needed for increased flow rate due to the lower energy density. Additional cooling elements are needed to prevent vaporization. A special coating should also be applied to the surface of the pump plunger and control valve to improve the lubricity because those components are made of the anticorrosive material. For natural gas, an effective combustion mode is so called dual—fuel mode. There, natural gas introduced from the intake port and mixed with air homogenously is ignited by injecting a small amount of diesel fuel when the piston approaches the end of compression stroke. More recently, a more advanced fuel delivery system has been developed, which uses one injector for diesel fuel and another for natural gas (or alternatively a co-axial injector with inner nozzle hole for diesel fuel and outer nozzle holes for natural gas). It has been reported that diesel fuel injected for ignition can be reduced to 5% of total fuel with using this new system. This dual-fuel mode has been used for methanol and ammonia fuel, and could be the next main-stream for alternative fuel engines.
Fuel Delivery System for Alternative Fuel Engines: A Review
Energy, Environment, and Sustainability
Potential and Challenges of Low Carbon Fuels for Sustainable Transport ; Kapitel : 4 ; 67-95
01.01.2022
29 pages
Aufsatz/Kapitel (Buch)
Elektronische Ressource
Englisch
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