Nowhere are ships subjected to greater stress than while navigating in ice. Cargo ransports in ice-covered waters, but also the exploitation of resources in polar zones and research expeditions require the assistance of large icebreakers such as those operated in Russia, Canada and the United States. In contrast to the northern Polar Sea, the Antarctic has by international treaty been declared a research area with a temporary ban on mining. Many countries including South Africa, Argentine, China, South Korea, Australia and Germany deploy specially built research icebreakers and supply ships to this area (Fig. 9.1).
Icebreaking
International Shipping ; Kapitel : 9 ; 585-593
2022-11-03
9 pages
Aufsatz/Kapitel (Buch)
Elektronische Ressource
Englisch