Abstract The paper presents a critical review and summary of research on the protection afforded to car occupants by seat belts which provide upper torso restraint. The nature and causes of the injuries which occur even when seat belts are worn are then considered, and methods of reducing injuries still further are suggested. Summaries are given of 8 selected European and American papers on seat belts in accidents. The estimated reductions in serious injuries varied from 45 to 70%, and reasons are suggested for the occurrence of these differences. Evidence of the reduction in deaths, as opposed to serious injuries, when seat belts are worn is scanty, but Australian experience of the results of compulsory seat belt wearing suggest that the wearing of seat belts with upper torso restraint reduces deaths of car occupants by at least 40%. In non-fatal accidents to belted occupants, head, chest and leg injuries give rise to the largest numbers of severe injuries (AIS >3). In fatalities to belted occupants, however, while head injury retains its premier position, abdominal injury is at least as important as chest injury. Modifications to the design of lap and diagonal seat belts are suggested, (a) to restrict loads on the abdomen and chest to levels which will not result in serious injury, and (b) to reduce forward movement of the head so as to lessen the risk of head injury.


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    Titel :

    A review of research on the protection afforded to occupants of cars by seat belts which provide upper torso restraint


    Beteiligte:
    Grime, G. (Autor:in)

    Erschienen in:

    Erscheinungsdatum :

    22.08.1978


    Format / Umfang :

    14 pages




    Medientyp :

    Aufsatz (Zeitschrift)


    Format :

    Elektronische Ressource


    Sprache :

    Englisch




    The protection afforded by seat belts

    Grime, G. | TIBKAT | 1979


    Upper Torso Restraint Systems

    Jaerger, Edward L. / Smith, Howard W. / Chandler, Richard F. | SAE Technical Papers | 1985



    Maximum Head Displacement of Vehicle Occupants Restrained by Lap and Torso Seat Belts in Frontal Impacts

    Toor, Amrit / Roenitz, Eric / Araszewski, Michael | SAE Technical Papers | 1999