Smoke tests carried out in actual tunnel and in laboratory showed fire-damming effect of transverse ventilation with reversed flow (from tunnel ceiling to tunnel floor) and its advantages over all other ventilation systems; additional safety can be provided by pressure-ventilated parallel pedestrian tunnel equipped with doors which open automatically in case of fire in vehicular tunnel, thus permitting escape to smoke-free atmosphere; Maas tunnel in Rotterdam is built according to above principle.
Safety problems in vehicular tunnels in case of fire
Zur Frage der Sicherheit in Kraftfahrzeugtunneln im Brandfall
Schweizerische Bauzeitung ; 85 , n 34 ; p 631-634
1967
4 pages
Aufsatz (Zeitschrift)
Deutsch
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