This chapter contains sections titled:
Low‐Speed Tests with an ELAC‐Model at High Reynolds Numbers
Introduction
Wind Tunnel Models
Pressure Distributions Influenced by Reynolds Number
Flow Field Influenced by Reynolds Number
Force Coefficients Influenced by Reynolds Number
Conclusion
Experimental and Numerical Analysis of Supersonic Flow over the ELAC‐Configuration
Introduction
Experimental Setup
Numerical Method
Results
Flow Over the Orbital Stage and the EOS/Flat Plate Configuration
Separation of ELAC1C and EOS
Conclusions
Stage Separation – Aerodynamics and Flow Physics
Introduction
Methodology and Vehicle Geometries
Numerical Simulation
Flow Solver
Grid Generation
Experimental Simulation
Models and Facility
Measurement Technique and Test Programme
Steady State Flow
Dominant Flow Phenomena
Inviscid Case – 2D and 3D Simulations
Viscous Effects – Laminar and Turbulent Flow
Comparison of Experimental and Numerical Results
Unsteady Aerodynamics
Longitudinal Motion – Dynamic Separation
Lateral Motion – Disturbance Effects
Detailed Two‐Stage‐to‐Orbit Configuration
Conclusions and Outlook
DNS of Laminar‐Turbulent Transition in the Low Hypersonic Regime
Introduction
Numerical Approach
Governing Equations
Spatial and Time Discretization
Initial and Boundary Conditions
Transition on Flat Plate and Sharp Cone
Application‐Specific Details of the Numerical Method
Results: Simulation of a Controlled Experiment
Results: Flat Plate and Cone at M=6.8
Transitional Shock‐Wave/Boundary‐Layer Interaction at Ma=4.8
Application‐Specific Details of the Numerical Method
Results: Impinging Shock on a Flat Plate vs. Compression Ramp at Ma=4.8
Conclusions
Numerical Simulation of High‐Enthalpy Nonequilibrium Air Flows
Aerothermodynamic Aspects of Re‐Entry Flows
Inviscid Fluxes
Thermal Relaxation
Electronic Excitation
Thermochemical Relaxation
Transport Coefficients
Turbulence
Electrical Discharge
Gas‐Surface Interaction Modelling
Radiative Exchange at the Surface
Heat Conduction within TPS Materials
Numerics and Parallelization
Conservation Equations
Solver
Multiblock
Metacomputing
Adaptive Grids
Results
Simulation of the Re‐Entry of the X‐38
Simulation of the Plasma Source RD5
Flow Simulation and Problems in Ground Test Facilities
Introduction
Validation of a Short Duration Supersonic Wind Tunnel for Natural Laminar Turbulent Transition Studies
Introduction to the Problem
The Shock Wind Tunnel at Stuttgart University
Detection Techniques for Flow Disturbance Fields
Free Stream Disturbance Measurements in the Shock Wind Tunnel
Transition Experiments in the Test Section Flow
Conclusion and Aspects
Plasma Wind Tunnels
Plasma Generators
Arc‐Driven Plasma Generators (TPG and MPG)
Inductively Heated Plasma Generators (IPGs)
Heat Flux Simulation for X‐38 Using PWK1 as Example for PWK Investigation
Characterization of High‐Enthalpy Flows
Intrusive Measurement Methods
Material Sample Support System
Heat Flux Measurements
Non‐Intrusive Techniques
Emission Spectroscopy
Laser‐Induced Fluorescence
Thomson Scattering for Electron Temperature and Density Determination
High‐Resolution Spectroscopy and Fabry Perot Interferometry
Flight Instrumentation (PYREX, RESPECT, PHLUX, COMPARE)
Description of PYREX‐KAT38 (Pyrometric Entry Experiment)
RESPECT (Re‐Entry SPECTrometer)
COMPARE
Numerical Simulation of Flow Fields Past Space Transportation Systems
Introduction
Numerical Scheme
Basic Equations
Initial and Boundary Conditions
Spatial Discretization in Structured Grids
Spatial Discretization in Unstructured Grids
Structured/Unstructured Coupling
Temporal Integration
Results
Geometry of the Two‐Stage System
Flow Past ELAC
Flow Past ELAC‐1c
Simplified Stage Separation
Conclusions
High‐Speed Aerodynamics of the Two‐Stage ELAC/EOS‐Configuration for Ascend and Re‐entry
Introduction and Experimental Conditions
Measurement Equipment
Pressure Measurement
Temperature and Heatflux Measurement
Force and Moment Measurement
Flow Visualization
Measurements on the ELAC‐ and EOS‐Configurations
Pressure and Heat Flux Measurements on the ELAC‐Configuration
Force and Moment Measurements on the ELAC‐Configuration
Pressure and Heat Flux Measurements on the EOS‐Configuration
Force and Moment Measurements on the EOS‐Configuration
Detailed Measurements on Ramp‐Configurations
Laminar and Turbulent Shock‐Wave/Boundary‐Layer Interactions
Theoretical Considerations
Ramp Flows with Variation of Surface Temperature
Description of Ramp Model
Schlieren Pictures and Position of Separation
Determination of Pressure Coefficients
Determination of Stanton Numbers
Conclusions
Aerodynamics and Thermodynamics
2005-05-09
212 pages
Article/Chapter (Book)
Electronic Resource
English
aerodynamics , nonequilibrium air flows , ascend and re‐entry , ground test facilities , low‐speed tests , flow simulation , analysis of supersonic flow , thermodynamics , ELAC‐Model , research , two‐stage ELAC/EOS‐configuration , flow physics , ELAC‐configuration , technologies for two‐stage‐to‐orbit vehicles , numerical simulation of high‐enthalpy , high‐enthalpy flows
Springer Verlag | 2022
|Online Contents | 1996
Online Contents | 1995