In this paper, the Arab world is surveyed first for what is available in terms of new and renewable energy sources (NRES) including solar energy. Classification is done accordingly based on the level of development and on the energy balance of each Arab country. The target is to utilize these NRES for hydrogen production, hence desert development claiming more arable land. Emphasis is on using solar energy. Hydrogen contribution in this regard is viewed via the following avenues: (1) to provide energy for land development; (2) to provide energy for pumping and irrigation; (3) to produce fresh water; (4) to produce fertilizers based on ammonia as a starting raw material. Case studies are presented for Egypt and Saudi Arabia. Although these two countries occupy large land area and are rich in solar energy, the croplands available are rather very small with low per capita acres ranging between 0.1- 0.4. Assuming that 1 % of the total land area available for these two countries is to be covered with solar collectors having a conversion efficiency of 10 %, one can estimate the potential solar energy to be harnessed under these conditions, hence, the amount of solar hydrogen produced. A prospective increase in the cropland could be envisaged accprdingly as a result of the desert development plan. The paper shows is a sum-up of this analysis. Using the same procedure, the annual contribution of solar hydrogen production by the Arab countries is estimated to be 1,100x109 m(exp3) and 700x109 m(exp3) by Arab countries located in Africa and Asia, respectively. Data and consumption estimation are only usefull for a rough study. No practical references to useful engineering projects are given.
Prospects of 'solar' hydrogen for desert development in the Arab world
Möglichkeiten einer Wasserstoffproduktion mit Solarenergieeinsatz im Zusammenhang mit der Urbarmachung von Wüstengeländen in der arabischen Welt
1996
11 Seiten, 4 Bilder, 2 Tabellen, 5 Quellen
Conference paper
English
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