The level of particulate matter of less than 10 µm diameter (PM10) at subway platforms can be significantly reduced by installing a platform screen-door system. However, both workers and passengers might be exposed to higher PM10 levels while the cars are within the tunnel because it is a more confined environment. This study determined the PM10 levels in a subway tunnel, and identified the sources of PM10 using elemental analysis and receptor modeling. Forty-four PM10 samples were collected in the tunnel between the Gireum and Mia stations on Line 4 in metropolitan Seoul and analyzed using inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry and ion chromatography. The major PM10 sources were identified using positive matrix factorization (PMF). The average PM10 concentration in the tunnels was 200.8 ± 22.0 µg/m3. Elemental analysis indicated that the PM10 consisted of 40.4% inorganic species, 9.1% anions, 4.9% cations, and 45.6% other materials. Iron was the most abundant element, with an average concentration of 72.5 ± 10.4 µg/m3. The PM10 sources characterized by PMF included rail, wheel, and brake wear (59.6%), soil combustion (17.0%), secondary aerosols (10.0%), electric cable wear (8.1%), and soil and road dust (5.4%). Internal sources comprising rail, wheel, brake, and electric cable wear made the greatest contribution to the PM10 (67.7%) in tunnel air.


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    Title :

    Identification of the sources of PM10 in a subway tunnel using positive matrix factorization


    Contributors:
    Park, Duckshin (author) / Lee, Taejeong (author) / Hwang, Doyeon (author) / Jung, Wonseok (author) / Lee, Yongil (author) / Cho, KiChul (author) / Kim, Dongsool (author) / Lee, Kiyoung (author)

    Published in:

    Publication date :

    2014


    Size :

    8 Seiten, Bilder, Tabellen, Quellen




    Type of media :

    Article (Journal)


    Type of material :

    Print


    Language :

    English




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