This study evaluated a gasoline and a diesel plug-in hybrid vehicle to determine when a plug-in is a good value in comparison to a conventional diesel parcel delivery vehicle. The future scenario shows that plug-in hybrids become cost effective when battery costs meet USABC's long-term goals for advanced batteries for electric vehicles (100/kWh) and fuel reaches 5/gal. Under the current cost scenario with an assumption of 700/kWh battery energy and 3/gal fuel, PHEVs are generally not cost effective. This study also evaluated battery replacements and higher motor power in terms of cost. Replacing the battery was not cost effective unless battery costs go down. A higher motor power was cost effective in those scenarios that included a battery replacement, or in those cases with no replacement where the drive cycle was kinetically intense and traveled enough miles to recoup the extra cost through hybridization fuel savings (from regenerative braking, etc.). The results show that kinetic intensity and distance traveled are important considerations when trying to evaluate if a plug-in hybrid vehicle is a good investment. Under the current scenario with no battery replacement, the plug-in hybrids that were cost effective traveled distances exceeding 160 km per day to pay off the additional 12.5-kWh battery cost on the UDDS HD, HTUF 4, and OC Bus cycles. For these simulations, the cost savings is greatest on the most kinetically intense cycle, the OC Bus cycle.
Model-based analysis of electric drive options for medium-duty parcel delivery vehicles
EVS, Electric Vehicle Symposium, 26 ; 1974-1984
2012
11 Seiten, 16 Bilder, 4 Tabellen, 6 Quellen
Conference paper
English
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