With a holistic simulation model it is possible to implement and validate an operational strategy in consideration of the dynamic heat demand. Simulations have shown that by considering the heat demand the fuel exploitation at the ICE can be increased and thereby the fuel demand of the auxiliary heaters can be reduced. Additional losses in the battery and the DC/DC converter due to supplying electric energy not on demand can be compensated. As the simulations are based on a regular bus line, the driving cycle might be repeated in real operation of city buses. Therefore, the same SOC at the beginning and at the end of the driving cycle needs to be guaranteed. Consequently, the amount of energy that can be stored in the battery is finite and two different scenarios need to be distinguished. On the one hand, the average waste heat available at the internal combustion engine is sufficient for covering the cabin heating demand (simulated at 5 °C), and on the other hand, the waste heat is insufficient (simulated at -5 °C). As at -5°C the heat demand of the cabin cannot only be covered with waste heat, the introduced operational strategy reduces a rejection of waste heat, and thus, the use of the heater. Its fuel consumption is reduced from 3.5 to 2.4 l / (100 km)). Due to additional losses in the battery the fuel demand of the ICE is increased from 67.6 to 68.3 l / (100 km) on the regarded driving cycle. Nevertheless the total fuel demand can be reduced by 0.4% at -5 °C. At 5 °C the ICE is operated in terms of a cogeneration plant. It is ignited or respectively the operation point is shifted to higher powers in order to cover the heat demand with waste heat. Thus, a use of an auxiliary heater can be avoided. In contrast, the fuel demand of the heater with the reference strategy amounts 1.6 l / (100 km). Despite an increase of the fuel demand of the ICE (from 67.6 to 68.1 l / (100 km)) the total fuel consumption can be reduced by 1.7% at 5 °C.


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    Title :

    Operational strategy for a series hybrid city bus in consideration of the dynamic heat demand


    Contributors:


    Publication date :

    2012


    Size :

    22 Seiten, 19 Bilder, 9 Quellen



    Type of media :

    Conference paper


    Type of material :

    Print


    Language :

    English




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