While CO2/fuel consumption regulations become effective and will further tighten over the next decade, the spectrum of end users provide for different needs of individual mobility: Urban, Suburban, and rural. The potential individual user need to bridge longer distances (e.g. vacation trips) will have to be considered as well. Consequently, a 'universal' drive train for LD (light-duty) vehicles appears unrealistic, yet diversity is expected, ranging from pure ICE (internal combustion engine) based systems (with and without start/stop) to full BEV (battery electric vehicles), with HEV (hybrid electric vehicles) and PHEV (plug-in hybrid electric vehicles) technology in between. Penetration projections into the next decade indicate the clear dominance of the ICE. Optimization of the ICE as 'stand-alone' engine or in the co-function with an electric motor (HEV, PHEV/EREV) is required to achieve fleet CO2 emission goals of the future. Projections for ICE efficiency in the 2020 time horizon provide 40%+ BTE. Engine technology recipes includes: Downsizing with 120 kW/l power density, direct injection, turbocharged and intercooled, variable valve train, cylinder deactivation, HEDGE type concepts which include external cooled EGR for dilute combustion, are expected as well. Exhaust Heat Energy recovery systems either Thermoelectric generators or Rankine cycle based, will likely be critical tools as well. xEV (HEV, PHEV/EREV/BEV) will increase market penetration for fleet and local CO2 emissions reduction, enabled through cost reduction of electric drive train components (esp. the battery). It is expected that the base ICE at that time will be carried over into the HEV/PHEV drive train with optimization to co-function in with the electric motor. ICE for range extender applications appears to take a very specialized approach in terms of number of cylinders/rotary disks. As engine efficiency gains towards the future regulatory goals for CO2 are on the horizon. Of course the respective emission regulations for current and possibly new criteria pollutants have to be met as well. Cold start challenges will increase for the 'stand-alone' ICE but also for the ICE in the context of a xEV. Catalyst heating strategies are being developed for the respective applications, yet the impact on fuel consumption/battery sizing has to be taken into account. At the same time, while the certification challenges are centered around cold start and lower certification cycle temperatures, the in-use exhaust gas temperature may increase especially with stoichiometric engines without external EGR. Boosted stoichiometric engines with cooled EGR have the potential for high efficiency and reduced in-use maximum exhaust gas temperatures. The cold start challenge remains. Corning has the light-off challenge in scope and is working on substrate solutions addressing this challenge. Of course a systems approach is a must, i.e. the vehicle and drive train along with the aftertreatment component manufacturers will have to cooperate to jointly develop optimized fuel efficient and emission compliant drive train solutions.


    Access

    Access via TIB

    Check availability in my library


    Export, share and cite



    Title :

    Anticipated LD powertrains: Fuel economy and emissions management implications


    Contributors:
    Zink, U. (author)


    Publication date :

    2011


    Size :

    10 Seiten, 18 Bilder, 39 Quellen


    Type of media :

    Conference paper


    Type of material :

    Storage medium


    Language :

    English




    Strategies for fuel economy improvement of gasoline powertrains

    Piccone,A. / Rinolfi,R. / Imarisio,R. et al. | Automotive engineering | 1996


    Comparing Estimates of Fuel Economy Improvement Via Fuel-Cell Powertrains

    Vyas, A. D. / Santini, D. J. / Anderson, J. L. et al. | SAE Technical Papers | 2002


    Strategies for fuel economy for improvement of gasoline powertrains

    Piccone, A. / Rinolfi, R. / Imarisio, R. et al. | British Library Conference Proceedings | 1996


    Fuel Economy Sensitivity to Vehicle Mass for Advanced Vehicle Powertrains

    Rousseau, A. / Sharer, P. / Pagerit, S. | SAE Technical Papers | 2006


    Fuel economy sensitivity to vehicle mass for advanced vehicle powertrains

    Pagerit,S. / Sharer,P. / Rousseau,A. et al. | Automotive engineering | 2006