Previous research has suggested that the pediatric ATD spine, developed from scaling the adult ATD spine, may not adequately represent a child's spine and thus may lead to important differences in the ATD head trajectory relative to a human. To gain further insight into this issue, the objectives of this study were, through non-injurious frontal sled tests on human volunteers, to 1) quantify the kinematic responses of the restrained child's head and spine and 2) compare pediatric kinematic responses to those of the adult. Low-speed frontal sled tests were conducted using male human volunteers (20 subjects: 6-14 years old, 10 subjects: 18-40 years old), in which the safety envelope was defined from an amusement park bumper-car impact. Each subject was restrained by a custom-fit lap and shoulder belt system and photo-reflective targets were attached to a tight-fitting cap worn on the head or adhered to the skin overlying skeletal landmarks on the head, spine, shoulders, sternum, and legs. A 3-D near-infrared target tracking system quantified the position of the following markers: head top, external auditory meatus, nasion, opisthocranion, C4, T1, T4, and T8. Trajectory data were normalized by subject seated height and head and spine rotations were calculated. The generalized estimating equations method was used to determine the effect of age and key anthropornetric measures on marker excursion.
Comparison of kinematic responses of the head and spine for children and adults in low-speed frontal sled tests
Vergleich des kinematischen Verhaltens von Kopf und Rücken bei Kindern und Erwachsenen in Frontalaufprall-Schlittenversuchen bei niedriger Geschwindigkeit
2009
44 Seiten, 29 Bilder, 10 Tabellen, 79 Quellen
Conference paper
English
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