Typical modern lightweight armor would now comprise a ceramic face layer with a more flexible backing layer. The role of the ceramic outer layer is to blunt the projectile and dissipate the load over a wide area. The dynamic load of projectile impact on the ceramic tiles involves complex mechanisms of penetration and perforation, thus making it necessary to introduce many simplifying assumptions to the problem. An experimental investigation has been conducted to investigate the ballistic performance of alumina tiles as a function of weight limitation, threat level, backing material, and multi-hit performance. The samples were impacted by 9 mm or SS109 ammunitions at impact speed of 420 and 920 m/s, respectively. Measurements of the trauma sizes on a standard clay box directly behind the armor samples could be explained by observations of debris patterns 'frozen' on the rear surface. Typically, more conoids occur with thicker sample and production of pulverized zone is a necessary condition for the penetration resistance. Debris from SS109 (sharp projectile with high impact speed) was finely comminuted and compacted at the locus of conoid coaxial cracks, whereas relatively larger debris was evident from blunt projectile. Likewise, the backing materials with different impedance effects may induce tensile failure across the boundaries, which significantly influence on crack propagation and debris comminution process. Impact resistance at edges and joints were sharply deteriorated by crack pattern alteration, leading to absence of locus conoid cracks. Thus it is necessary to maintain the same ballistic performance at the edge as well as the center of the tile in order for the armor to withstand multiple hits.


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