This paper introduces the principle of the optical tyre sensor and algorithms that are needed for tyre force calculations. Active safety systems would benefit from tyre force and friction potential information. Different sensor concepts, including, among others, the EU-funded Apolloproject developed tyre sensor based on optical position detection, are being studied. The sensor can measure tyre carcass deflections with This paper introduces the principle of the optical tyre sensor and algorithms that are needed for tyre force calculations. Active safety systems would benefit from tyre force and friction potential information. Different sensor concepts, including, among others, the EU-funded Apolloproject developed tyre sensor based on optical position detection, are being studied. The sensor can measure tyre carcass deflections with respect to the rim. The carcass deflections can be used to calculate tyre forces and they may be exploited in the estimation of friction potential. The waveforms of the sensor signal are illustrated. The vertical and lateral force estimations are presented with unavoidable compensation parts. The tyre sensor measurements were compared to the measurement-vehicle results and good correlations achieved. Continuing activities are concerned with the estimation of friction potential and the detection of aquaplaning. The core of the optical tyre sensor is a two-dimensional position sensitive detector (PSD) that utilises photodiode surface resistance. The PSD is located on the rim and can detect the movement of a light emitting diode (LED) that is installed in the inner liner of the tyre. The sensor setup has been installed into a special dividable rim; the tyre in these tests was a winter tyre without studs (friction tyre, 225/60R16). A Lilon-battery was used as a power supply. The data from the sensor was digitized and transmitted wirelessly to the receiver at 433 MHz. The resolution of the data was 12 bits and the sampling rate was 3105 Hz. The data was transformed for CAN-message format to be ready for the vehicle network. The vertical force from the optical sensor and from the measurement vehicle shows good correlation. The equation was presented to calculate wheel load, but other methods exist as well. For example, the peak of the z-signal increases quite linearly with wheel load, but is probably more sensitive to errors in the signal than the presented method.to the rim. The carcass deflections can be used to calculate tyre forces and they may be exploited in the estimation of friction potential. The waveforms of the sensor signal are illustrated. The vertical and lateral force estimations are presented with unavoidable compensation parts. The tyre sensor measurements were compared to the measurement-vehicle results and good correlations achieved. Continuing activities are concerned with the estimation of friction potential and the detection of aquaplaning.
Optical position detection to measure tyre carcass deflections
Vehicle System Dynamics ; 46 , 6 ; 473-483
2008
11 Seiten, 10 Bilder, 14 Quellen
Article (Journal)
English
Optical position detection to measure tyre carcass deflections
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