Described are three future scenarios for the potential reduction of CO2 emissions and associated costs when biogenic ethanol blends and oxygenates are substituted for gasoline, and hybrid, flex fuel and fuel cell technologies are introduced in passenger automobiles, including pickups and sport-utility vehicles, in the densely populated Mexico City Metropolitan Area, analyzed up to the year 2030. A reference scenario is constructed in which most automobiles are driven by ICE (internal combustion engines) fuelled by gasoline. In the ALT1 (first alternative scenario), hybrid electric-ICE gasoline-fuelled cars are introduced in 2006. In the same year, ethyl tertiary butyl ether is introduced as a replacement for methyl tertiary butyl ether oxygenate for gasoline. In the ALT2 (second alternative scenario), in addition to the changes introduced in ALT1, flex fuel ICE technology fuelled by E85 is introduced in 2008 and electric motor vehicles driven by direct ethanol fuel cells fuelled by E100 in 2013. While the total number of vehicles is the same in each scenario, energy consumption decreases by 9 % in ALT1 and 17 % in ALT2, the total non-biogenic CO2 emissions drop by 15 % in ALT1 and 34 % in ALT2, CO2 mitigation cost is 140,14 US-Dollars/ton CO2 for ALT2, and ALT1 has savings and is considered a no regrets scenario.
Inserting renewable fuels and technologies for transport in Mexico City Metropolitan Area
Einsatz von erneuerbaren Kraftstoffen und Technologien zum Transport im Hauptstadtbezirk von Mexico City
International Journal of Hydrogen Energy ; 31 , 3 ; 327-335
2006
9 Seiten, 5 Bilder, 2 Tabellen, 30 Quellen
Article (Journal)
English
Building sustainable transport futures for the Mexico City Metropolitan Area
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