Recent developments in light metal complex hydrides show that there is a potential for hydrogen storage using these hydrides in fuel cells for on-board vehicular and other applications. The search for new alloys promises to have practical significance with the realization that hydrogen as a fuel holds the key to filling energy needs and solving environmental problems. This review presents the U.S. Department of Energy FreedomCAR goals for hydrogen storage, storage capacities of important hydrides, and current developments in light-metal complex hydrides. The established hydrogen storage technologies such as compressed H2 (up to 69 MPa) and liquefied H2, can be easily adapted for vehicular applications; however, the system cost is significantly high for commercial viability. Among the solid-state hydrogen storage materials, classical hydrides such as LaNi5 and its variants and other hydrides have good volumetric hydrogen density (around 130 kg H2/m3, good kinetics, and reversibility. However, the low gravimetric hydrogen density (around 2 wt. %) makes these hydrides unsuitable for on-board vehicular applications. Catalyzed complex light metal hydrides appear to have the most potential to meet the U.S. DOE FreedomCAR goals in terms of volumetric and gravimetric hydrogen densities. Kinetics and reversibility are still issues to be resolved, however. The most promising among complex hydrides are Li-N-based hydrides and borohydrides since their high gravimetric densities can withstand losses associated with the addition of catalysts. A fundamental understanding of the mechanism of enhanced hydriding due to catalyst addition will enable the development of new catalyzed complex hydrides. Recent research on AlH3 shows significant promise for on-board hydrogen storage; however, it is not reversible and hence needs off-board recharging.
Metal hydrides for vehicular applications: The state of the art
JOM - The Journal of the Minerals, Metals and Materials Society ; 58 , 2 ; 26-32
2006
7 Seiten, 5 Bilder, 1 Tabelle, 71 Quellen
Article (Journal)
English
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