Capital and operating costs may be minimised by using accurate pipe pressure drop predicting tools and when possible drag reduction techniques. For gas transport, these techniques are limited at the present time to the use of pipe internal coatings but could be extended in the future to the use of structured surfaces. Even the benefit of pipe internal coatings has been known for a long time, the equivalent hydraulic roughness (friction factor) of coatings is not very well known varying largely from 2 to 20 micrometer depending on several parameters: the condition of application, the dry film thickness, the coating type and even the Reynolds number. Several types of coatings have been tested at the Institut Francais du Petrole under different conditions of application. These numerous tests were possible due to the design and manufacturing of a very compact equipment (RCU) simulating pipe operation up to 250 bar and 10 m/s. Specific flow drag tests of pipe internal coatings have also been carried out in the RCU for an offshore application in view of analysing the effect of some coating types and their application, defining the dry film thickness and confirming the suitability of the pipeline diameter. Technico-economical studies have been performed for several cases of gas transport. In the case of a gas production, the use of relatively smooth coatings (2 micro m) provides a considerable saving in capital and operating costs compared to relatively rough coatings (20 micro m). It is of the order of 8 % at 100 bar. The saving would be greater at a higher pressure. Keywords : Internal coatings, texture, roughness, economics, gas pipelines, friction factor.
Designing for internally coated pipelines
2005
14 Seiten, 12 Bilder, 2 Tabellen, 8 Quellen
Conference paper
English
Surface roughness in internally coated pipes (OCTG)
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