As part of the P2000 hydrogen fueled internal combustion engine (H2ICE) vehicle program, an engine dynamometer research project was conducted in order to systematically investigate the unique hydrogen related combustion characteristics cited in the literature. These characteristics include pre-ignition, NO(X) emissions formation and control, volumetric efficiency of gaseous fuel injection and related power density, thermal efficiency, and combustion control. To undertake this study, several dedicated, hydrogen-fueled spark ignition engines ( compression ratios: 10, 12.5, 14.5 and 15.3:1) were designed and built. Engine dynamometer development testing was conducted at the Ford Research Laboratory and the University of California at Riverside. This engine dynamometer work also provided the mapping data and control strategy needed to develop the engine in the P200 vehicle. Three strategies of operation for the hydrogen engine are discussed: constant fuel-air ratio, un-throttled induction and a combination of the two. Hydrogen as a fuel for a H2ICE has unique properties such as extremely low carbon related emissions, very broad flammability limits with a fast burn rate, and high octane number that can all be used to improve emissions and fuel economy of IC engines. Backflash could not deliberately be produced on the engine dynamometer by varying valve overlap, injection timing or injection flow rate. Pre-ignition imposes a limit on maximum torque output that is primarily a function of maximum capability, the magnitude of which depends on CR, spark timing, charge density and engine speed. In attempting to maximize torque, subject to the pre-ignition limit, richer equivalence ratio can be achieved by throttling and / or reducing CR (14.5:1 to 12.5:1). For the 2.0L Zetec the indicated thermal efficiency peaks at about 52 % and the brake thermal efficiency peaks at about 38 %.
Ford P2000 hydrogen engine dynamometer development
2002
12 Seiten, 31 Bilder, 1 Tabelle, 29 Quellen
Conference paper
English
Otto-Motor , Wasserstoff , Verbrennungsmotor , Dynamometer , Forschungsprojekt , Verbrennungsverhalten , Vorzündung , Stickstoffoxid , Emissionsminderung , volumetrischer Wirkungsgrad , Leistungsdichte , Wärmewirkungsgrad , Verdichtungsverhältnis , Entflammbarkeit , Octanzahl , Wirtschaft (Ökonomie) , Drehmoment , Kraftstoffverbrauch
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