A Monte Carlo simulation process was used to develop the United States daily range requirements for an electric vehicle from probability distributions of trip lengths and frquencies and average annual mileage data. The analysis shows that a car in the United States with a practical daily range of 82 mi (132 km) can meet the needs of the owner on 95 percent of the days of the year, or at all times other than his long vacation trips. Increasing the range of the vehicle beyond this point will not make it more useful to the owner because it will still not provide intercity transportation. A daily range of 82 mi can be provided by an intermediate battery technology level characterized by an energy density of 30 to 50 Wh/lb (66 to 110 Wh/kg). Candidate batteries in this class are nickel-zinc, nickel-iron, and iron-air. The implication of these results for the research goals of far-term battery systems suggests a shift in emphasis toward lower cost and greater life and away from high energy density.
The computer simulation of automobile use patterns for defining battery requirements for electric cars
Rechnersimulation von Fahrzeugantriebsmodellen zur Bestimmung der Anforderungen an die Batterie fuer Elektrofahrzeuge
IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology ; 26 , 2 ; 118-122
1977
5 Seiten, 4 Bilder, 4 Tabellen, 10 Quellen
Article (Journal)
English
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