As a maritime and trading nation, shipping operation is imperative to the survival of Malaysia’s economy. Over a 10 year period, only 13,099 inspections were conducted by the Maritime Operations Division (MOD) of the Marine Department as compared to 607,123 foreign ships that visited Malaysian ports over the same period. By clustering ships using the flag of convenience (FOC) likelihood behaviour approach, this study intends to identify the fire safety performance of visiting ships, whilst at the same time, testing the suitability of the new method to this study. The results generally recorded a total of 6774 inspections with deficiencies (ID) and 2021 inspections with fire safety deficiencies (IFD), which are arguably high compared to the number of inspections performed. Although ships have been clustered into the three FOC likelihood categories, it was found that this does not help to differentiate their performance from other clusters. More than 80% of the ships under the flag states that did not belong to any cluster have recorded inspections with deficiencies, whilst flag states clustered as none/low FOC likelihood behaviour performed poorly against flag states in the other categories. Therefore, some improvements have been suggested to make the new method suitable to be used for other similar studies.


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    Title :

    Fire Safety Compliance Amongst Foreign Ships in Malaysian Ports: An Evaluation Using the Flag of Convenience Likelihood Method


    Additional title:

    Adv Struct Mater



    Published in:

    Design in Maritime Engineering ; Chapter : 24 ; 311-325


    Publication date :

    2022-02-15


    Size :

    15 pages





    Type of media :

    Article/Chapter (Book)


    Type of material :

    Electronic Resource


    Language :

    English