Abstract The enthalpy, entropy, and exergy flows in ideal pulse tube cryocoolers have been described previously. This paper will describe how these flows are affected by phenomena in non-ideal cryocoolers. Frequently such descriptions take an energy-centric view. Such descriptions concentrate on the first law of thermodynamics, the conservation of energy. This approach can result in a complex description of the cooler in terms of energy and enthalpy flows. An alternative is to take an entropy-centric approach. Closely related to this is the exergy-centric approach. These descriptions concentrate on the second law of thermodynamics, the generation of entropy or the destruction of exergy. Both the energy-centric and exergy/entropy-centric approaches make use of both the laws of thermodynamics and both approaches give equivalent descriptions of a cryocooler. However, the latter approach can be more useful as it can yield a simpler description, one that emphasis loss mechanisms. This paper applies the second law approach to pulse tube cryocoolers. The effects of a variety of loss mechanisms in the various components on the exergy, entropy, and enthalpy flows are discussed. The discussion applies to basic, orifice, and inertance type pulse tubes. Most of the discussion is applicable to cryocoolers driven by either Gifford-McMahon or linear compressors; the emphasis is on the latter.
Enthalpy, Entropy, and Exergy Flow Losses in Pulse Tube Cryocoolers
Cryocoolers 13 ; 343-352
2005-01-01
10 pages
Article/Chapter (Book)
Electronic Resource
English
Enthalpy, Entropy and Exergy Flow Losses in Pulse Tube Cryocoolers
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