In modern air traffic management, aircraft positioning is an important capacity to avoid flight collision and missing (e.g., MH370 disappearance), where the locations of aircraft are constantly monitored to tell pilots and ATCOs. As the cornerstone of NextGen, ADS-B forces aircraft to broadcast periodically their positions gained from GNSS to improve situational awareness and extend surveillance range. However, because of the lack of security considerations when designing ADS-B, it is vulnerable to location spoofing attacks. As an example, with cheap software-defined radios (SDRs), an attacker can inject fake locations to simulate trajectories of ghost airplanes into ATC, misleading collision-avoidance systems. Thus, certifying location claims in air traffic management is of extraordinary importance.


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