The development of the 5G wireless network and its application in various Internet of Things (IoT) use cases have necessitated the exploration of new communication paradigms. With its unique advantages of high altitude and mobility, unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) communication is one of such paradigms. Emerging IoT application that adopts UAV communication for their critical operation can quickly become casualties of the ills arising from UAV design and performance challenges. This chapter presents a comprehensive overview of UAV communication, unique attributes, and requirements in a cellular system, focusing on its associated design and performance challenges. We discussed UAV communication requirements and characteristics and reviewed key design considerations for the UAV communication system. The constraints on UAV performance due to the inherent features of cellular communication architecture were also discussed. To investigate the UAV-ground channel characteristics, we carried out a CDL-based channel simulation with ray tracing; we considered three locations with different terrains and building densities as case studies. Finally, we presented a brief review of contemporary advances in UAV communications, from the trending fifth generation to future cellular networks.


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