An assessment of the potential for and the environmental effects of electric and CNG (compressed natural gas) powered vehicles in the communal vehicle fleet of the city of Amsterdam is described. Three scenarios are developed, ranging from a minimum scenario including only vehicles of a few large fleet owners to a maximum scenario including all passenger cars and vans that meet the economic criterion (yearly costs decrease) and some special vehicles. For the introduction of CNG powered buses two scenarios are developed. In the first scenario only the buses of the smallest garage are converted to CNG, in the second all buses are converted. For the introduction of electric vehicles the driving range of those vehicles is the crucial restriction. Two scenarios are developed. The first is based on the current lead-acid batteries, allowing a maximum of 6000 kilometers per year. The second is based on sodium-sulfur batteries, allowing a maximum of 12,000 kilometers per year. To evaluate the environmental effects of these scenarios, an 'air pollution index' is developed, which includes nitrogen oxides, sulfur dioxide, hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide, and dust. The effects on carbon dioxide emissions are treated separately. From an economic point of view the introduction of electric vehicles is, given the current prices of vehicles and batteries, hardly feasible, even if the environmental benefits are taken into account. Special attention is given to social-psychological problems that are connected with the introduction of a new technology like CNG powered vehicles. 37 refs., 40 tabs., 8 apps.
Aardgas en elektriciteit bij het gemeentelijk voertuigpark van Amsterdam. (Natural gas and electric power in the communal vehicle fleet of Amsterdam)
1990
117 pages
Report
No indication
English
Air Pollution & Control , Environmental Studies , Batteries & Components , Fuels , Road Transportation , Automobiles , Buses , Compressed Gases , Electric-Powered Vehicles , Vans , Air Pollution Abatement , Natural Gas , Behavior , Capitalized Cost , Carbon Dioxide , Carbon Monoxide , Dusts , Emission , Environmental Policy , Feasibility Studies , Forecasting , Human Factors , Hydrocarbons , Lead-Acid Batteries , Netherlands , Nitrogen Oxides , Numerical Data , Social Impact , Socio-Economic Factors , Sodium-Sulfur Batteries , Sulfur Dioxide , Tables(data) , Foreign technology , Alternative fuels , EDB/320203 , EDB/290200 , EDB/290300 , EDB/540120
Gemeentelijk fietsbeleid een lonende zaak
Online Contents | 1995
|Tweede gemeentelijk rioleringsplan voor Utrecht
British Library Online Contents | 1998
Online Contents | 2024
|Kansen voor gemeentelijk fietsbeleid
Online Contents | 1993
|Collectief elektriciteit inkopen
Online Contents | 2002