Abstract Classic solar atmospheric models put the Chromosphere-Corona Transition Region (CCTR) at Mm above the level, whereas radiative MHD (rMHD) models place the CCTR in a wider range of heights. However, observational verification is scarce. In this work we review and discuss recent results from various instruments and spectral domains. In SDO and TRACE images spicules appear in emission in the 1600, 1700 and 304 Å bands and in absorption in the EUV bands; the latter is due to photo-ionization of H i and He i, which increases with wavelength. At the shortest available AIA wavelength and taking into account that the photospheric limb is Mm above the level, we found that CCTR emission starts at Mm; extrapolating to , where there is no chromospheric absorption, we deduced a height of Mm, which is above the value of 2.14 Mm of the Avrett and Loeser model. Another indicator of the extent of the chromosphere is the height of the network structures. Height differences produce a limbward shift of features with respect to the position of their counterparts in magnetograms. Using this approach, we measured heights of Mm (at 1700 Å), Mm (at 1600 Å) and Mm (at 304 Å) for the center of the solar disk. A previously reported possible solar cycle variation is not confirmed. A third indicator is the position of the limb in the UV, where IRIS observations of the Mg ii triplet lines show that they extend up to Mm above the 2832 Å limb, while AIA/SDO images give a limb height of Mm (1600 Å) and Mm (304 Å). Finally, ALMA mm- full-disk images provide useful diagnostics, though not very accurate, due to their relatively low resolution; values of Mm at 1.26 mm and Mm at 3 mm were obtained. Putting everything together, we conclude that the average chromosphere extends higher than homogeneous models predict, but within the range of rMHD models..
Where is the base of the Transition Region? Evidence from TRACE, SDO, IRIS and ALMA observations
Advances in Space Research ; 71 , 4 ; 1907-1914
2022-06-24
8 pages
Article (Journal)
Electronic Resource
English
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