Highlights The optimized net benefits of conventional and flexible-route bus services are compared. Constrained nonlinear mixed integer formulations are solved with a Real-Coded Genetic Algorithm. The welfare threshold between conventional and flexible services is explored. Such problems have not been previously explored for multiple regions and periods.
Abstract Transit ridership is usually sensitive to fares, travel times, waiting times, and access times, among other factors. Therefore, the elasticities of demand with respect to such factors should be considered in modeling bus transit services and must be considered when maximizing net benefits (i.e. “system welfare”=consumer surplus+producer surplus) rather just minimizing costs. In this paper welfare is maximized with elastic demand relations for both conventional (fixed route) and flexible-route services in systems with multiple dissimilar regions and periods. As maximum welfare formulations are usually too complex for exact solutions, they have only been used in a few studies focused on conventional transit services. This limitation is overcome here for both conventional and flexible transit services by using a Real Coded Genetic Algorithm to solve such mixed integer nonlinear welfare maximization problems with constraints on capacities and subsidies. The optimized variables include service type, zone sizes, headways and fares. We also determine the maximum welfare threshold between optimized conventional and flexible services) and explore the effects of subsidies. The proposed planning models should be useful in selecting the service type and optimizing other service characteristics based on local geographic characteristics and financial constraints.
Maximizing net benefits for conventional and flexible bus services
Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice ; 80 ; 116-133
2015-07-28
18 pages
Article (Journal)
Electronic Resource
English
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