Abstract Upon entry into the heliosphere, galactic cosmic-ray fluxes are modulated by the turbulent solar wind with the resulting modulation levels depending on the position inside the heliosphere and the phase of the solar cycle. The main modulation processes, i.e. drifts, convection, adiabatic energy changes, and diffusion can be described by the well-known Parker transport equation. A first order analytical approximation of this equation, which is widely used to describe solar modulation effects at Earth, is the Force-Field approximation, while a similar approximation, the Convection–Diffusion is rarely applied. Based on a comparison with recent top-of-atmosphere galactic cosmic-ray flux measurements, this study presents the Convection–Diffusion approximation as a more suitable alternative to the Force-Field approximation to accurately parameterize the galactic cosmic-ray intensity near Earth which is essential for dosimetry and space weather studies.
The use and validation of the Convection-Diffusion approximation in cosmic-rays modulation studies
Advances in Space Research ; 68 , 7 ; 2974-2987
2021-06-01
14 pages
Article (Journal)
Electronic Resource
English
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