In this work, a real‐time energy management problem for a parallel hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) is proposed. The considered powertrain is built from a commercial HEV model. First, a non‐linear optimal control problem under model predictive control scheme is formulated. The designed controller aims to generate the optimal power split and gear ratio schedule with respect to minimise the energy consumption of fuel and electricity. Moreover, the multiple shooting algorithm is introduced to decouple the dynamic constraints with the ability of avoiding the strong non‐linearity while solving the optimisation problem. After that the optimisation problem is solved using sequential quadratic programming solver. Then, to evaluate the performance of the proposed real‐time optimisation strategy on different traffic scenarios, the controller is applied to an adaptive cruise control (ACC) under connected environment. In this case, a solution of ACC with consideration of minimising energy consumption and maintaining string stability is provided. Finally, the proposed controller can be implemented in the traffic‐in‐the‐loop platform without the knowledge of the predefined driving route. Simulations reveal that the proposed real‐time control scheme shows great optimisation performance under the designed scenarios.
Real‐time control algorithm for minimising energy consumption in parallel hybrid electric vehicles
IET Electrical Systems in Transportation ; 10 , 4 ; 331-340
01.12.2020
10 pages
Aufsatz (Zeitschrift)
Elektronische Ressource
Englisch
parallel hybrid electric vehicle , model predictive control scheme , power transmission (mechanical) , energy consumption , power consumption , multiple shooting algorithm , predictive control , real‐time optimisation strategy , optimisation , nonlinear optimal control problem , energy management systems , optimisation performance , optimal control , real‐time energy management problem , sequential quadratic programming solver , optimisation problem , hybrid electric vehicles , real‐time control scheme , real‐time systems , adaptive cruise control , gear ratio schedule , considered powertrain , adaptive control , traffic‐in‐the‐loop platform , commercial HEV model , optimal power split , string stability , real‐time control algorithm
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