The need for developing reliable and rigorous models that can replicate and make predictions of pedestrian crowd evacuations has necessitated an understanding of the impact of architecture on individuals’ interactions with their surroundings and the behavioral rules that govern their movements. Due to the challenges of providing such behavioral data from natural evacuations and previous crowd incidents, simulation-based and laboratory-based evacuation experiments have recently been employed as innovative data-provision approaches to study crowd behavior notably under emergency conditions. This study explores pioneer experiments of emergency escape with a view to investigating the relationship between spatial constraints and collective behavior of human crowds. Here, we make use of two types of empirical and analytical data obtained from a large number of well-controlled laboratory and evacuation simulation experiments. This study presents findings corresponding to how and to what extent the presence of conflicting layouts in egress areas, particularly merging corridors, affect the collective motion of pedestrians. The focus of attention will be on measures of performance at macroscopic level derived from both observations. Our results suggested that the movement patterns observed in both types of experiments are sensitive to the angle between the two merging streams and the symmetry/asymmetry of the merging layouts, with symmetric layouts almost invariably outperforming the asymmetric counterparts. Also, within each symmetry/asymmetry structural type, the angle at which the flows combined with each other affected the efficiency of discharge. Our findings provide further evidence as to the significant role of the architectural structure of the movement area in facilitating the traffic flow of heavy crowds of pedestrians.


    Zugriff

    Download

    Verfügbarkeit in meiner Bibliothek prüfen

    Bestellung bei Subito €


    Exportieren, teilen und zitieren



    Titel :

    Traffic Flow of Merging Pedestrian Crowds: How Architectural Design Affects Collective Movement Efficiency


    Weitere Titelangaben:

    Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board


    Beteiligte:
    Shahhoseini, Zahra (Autor:in) / Sarvi, Majid (Autor:in)


    Erscheinungsdatum :

    09.09.2018




    Medientyp :

    Aufsatz (Zeitschrift)


    Format :

    Elektronische Ressource


    Sprache :

    Englisch



    FDS+Evac: Modelling Pedestrian Movement in Crowds

    Korhonen, T. / Heliovaara, S. | British Library Conference Proceedings | 2011


    Two-Time-Scale Hybrid Traffic Models for Pedestrian Crowds

    Wang, Qianling / Dong, Hairong / Ning, Bin et al. | IEEE | 2018


    Group Dynamics in Pedestrian Crowds

    Gorrini, Andrea / Bandini, Stefania / Sarvi, Majid | Transportation Research Record | 2014


    Insights Toward Characteristics of Merging Streams of Pedestrian Crowds Based on Experiments with Panicked Ants

    Shahhoseini, Zahra / Sarvi, Majid / Saberi, Meead | Transportation Research Record | 2016


    Data-driven modeling of pedestrian crowds

    Johansson, Anders Fredrik | SLUB | 2009