Frictional characteristics of sand and sand-deicer mixtures were investigated as functions of temperature, gradation, and application rate. Results of a laboratory cold-room study in which sliding friction was measured with a British pendulum tester are described. Four temperatures, three sand gradations, four brine concentrations, and four sand-application rates were investigated. All tests were performed on an ice sheet in a cold room, where sand temperatures were maintained close to ice temperatures. Three categories of materials were tested: sand alone, sand-salt mixtures, and sand-brine mixtures. Results showed that sand-brine mixtures outperformed the other two, with significantly greater sliding friction. Two brine concentrations were found suitable in two temperature ranges. Below −12°C, 2.5 percent brine (by weight) gave good results with a fine sand (passing the No. 30 U.S. sieve but retained on the No. 50 sieve) at a sand application rate of 1 g over a test area of 100 × 200 mm, with a sand-to-brine ratio of 1:1 by weight. This rate is equivalent to field application of 183 kg of sand per lane-km. Friction was achieved by generating a bond between sand and ice by using a low-concentration brine (2.5 percent by weight). At temperatures above −12°C, satisfactory results also were obtained with 25 percent brine mixed with the same sand at a ratio of 2:1 by weight. In this case, friction was increased by roughening the ice surface with a higher-concentration brine (25 percent by weight).
Frictional Characteristics of Sand and Sand-Deicer Mixtures on Bare Ice
Transportation Research Record
Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board ; 1585 , 1 ; 30-38
1997-01-01
Aufsatz (Zeitschrift)
Elektronische Ressource
Englisch
Frictional Characteristics of Sand and Sand-Deicer Mixtures on Bare Ice
Online Contents | 1997
|Effect of near-wall lift on frictional characteristics of sand slurries
Tema Archiv | 2004
|