The application of ceramics, metal-matrix composites and reinforced plastics for the construction of automobiles is reviewed. Silicon nitride shows an excellent strength, thermal shock resistance, and oxidation behavior; it is well suited for gas turbine engines. Silicon carbide can be used in exhaust valve systems and turbocharger rotors. The automotive catalyst is probably the most important application of ceramics in the automotive industry. Materials (substrate, washcoat, noble metals) required and operation are discussed in detail. Performances of electrically heated catalyst devices and of a lean-burned NOx catalyst are described. Carbon fiber-reinforced plastics (polymeric compounds) can reduce the body panel weight by about 50 %; they can be applied for the production of bumpers, fuel tanks, lamp lenses, underhood applications, body panels and other structural components. Aluminum and magnesium alloys are a promising family of next-generation structural materials that will replace iron and other heavier metals. They show improved specific stiffness, controlled thermal expansion, and improved thermal and mechanical durability. It can be assumed that the use of these materials can be increased significantly if the components can be mass produced cheaply and still exhibit reproducible properties. Extensive opportunities exist for materials chemists to develop a better understanding of materials behavior and processing for these demanding applications.
Advanced materials for automobiles
Fortschrittliche Materialien für den Automobilbau
Chemtech ; 26 , 11 ; 48-60
1996
13 Seiten, 9 Bilder, 6 Tabellen
Aufsatz (Zeitschrift)
Englisch
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