Neck injury by rear-end collision occurs frequently in automobile accidents, yet its pathomechanical process has not been investigated. For the purpose of developing a better seat and head restraint to reduce whiplash injuries in rear-end collisions, the authors performed impact analyses using finite element models of the human head and neck, and a new neck model in rear-end collisions. A pseudo 3D finite element method (FEM) model using a rear-end collision of 5.7 km/h was prepared. The FEM results showed a higher tensile stress localized in anterior longitudinal ligaments during impact. Compressive stresses localized in soft tissues, reached its maximum value at 140 ms after collision. The authors also compared the results of head displacements relative to breast with and without headrestraint and head angles in sled test of the new neck model, the dummy and volunteers. It is clear that the new neck model in rear-end collisions behaves closer to that of human neck than the dummy neck.
Numerical and experimental impact analyses of neck behaviors in rear-end collisions
Numerische und experimentelle Stoßanalyse im Hinblick auf die Halswirbelsäule bei Auffahrunfällen von hinten
1997
4 Seiten, 9 Bilder, 7 Quellen
Aufsatz (Konferenz)
Englisch
Unfall , numerisches Verfahren , Methode der finiten Elemente , Zugfestigkeit , Kopf (Körperteil) , Hochgeschwindigkeitskamera , Markierer , Drehbewegung , Halswirbelsäule , Weichteilgewebe , Spannungs-Dehnungs-Verhalten , Biomechanik , Silikonkautschuk , Polyurethan , Ligament , Stoß (Schlag) , Stoßprüfung , Dummy , Schleudertrauma
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