This thesis examined drivers' interactions with automation based on on-road experiences and also the results from driving simulators. The thesis adopted a mixed methods research approach and combined qualitative and quantitative methods. Special attention was given to automated driving on exposure to (unexpected) safety-critical events due to automation failures. Four research questions were posed: (1) how do end users' experience automated driving, (2) what is the influence of automation failure on driving, (3) how does the extent of automation failure concerning deceleration affect driving, and (4) how does the level of automation influence driving in safety-critical events due to automation failures. This thesis was based on results from four studies resulting in six papers. In the first study focus group interviews were conducted to address end-users' experiences of driving automation, mainly ACC (adaptive cruise control) although additional systems were included too. The second study was based on an online questionnaire addressing the same aspects as did the first study, though with the addition of evaluation of usability and acceptance of ACC. In the third study a driving simulator experiment was conducted to address automated driving in situations with automation failures. The fourth study was also a driving simulator study with a focus on automated driving in safety-critical events due to automation failures. However, the fourth study included an additional level of automation and focused on deceleration failures in which the automated system to some extent failed to brake sufficiently, while the third study had a broader failure focus including acceleration and speeding failures. The findings include notions on behavioural adaptations and monitoring inefficiencies for drivers facing automation failures. Implications for design, failure detection, and traffic safety are discussed. With regard to human-automation interaction in driving it is concluded that automation affects driver behaviour, and that measures for failure containment and improvement of driver control should be taken. Experience, mental models, and a model of complacency and automation bias are used to explain changes and differences in drivers' behaviour.
When driving automation fails / drivers' experiences and interactions
2014
141 Seiten, Bilder, Tabellen, Quellen
Hochschulschrift
Englisch
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