For vehicles with electric power trains Li-Ion based traction batteries must meet a variety of challenging requirements with respect to cost, lifetime, functionality, safety and quality. The core component for the control of a battery pack is the battery management system. The requirements for a battery management system (BMS) of a vehicle with electric powertrain and Li-Ion batteries are mainly determined by safety, performance and lifetime aspects. As part of a four stage safety concept, the BMS guarantees the safety of a battery pack together with the safety mechanisms of the cells by operating the battery cells in a safe range. As the operational load to the battery is determined by the vehicle, there is a dose communication between BMS and vehicle control unit (VCU). To guarantee both maximum lifetime and sufficient traction power, the BMS calculates the current state of the battery and derives operational parameters from this. These are sent to the vehicle controller, so that the vehicle can adapt its drive strategy. The BMS architecture is highly dependent on battery size and the functional distribution between battery controller and vehicle controller. For smaller batteries (e.g. HEV) typically a more centralized approach is chosen while for larger batteries (PHEV, EV) decentralized architectures with local intelligence near the cells are preferred. For testing of battery management systems HIL-testing plays an important role as only with emulated cells critical operating areas can be tested with a high coverage rate. The future will see battery management systems with cost optimized, modular topologies that can be easily shifted between cell supervisory circuit (CSC), battery control unit (BCU) and vehicle control unit (VCU). Models for ageing will be more sophisticated, based on extensive field data and additional knowledge about ageing effects in cell chemistry. For different safety requirements of different vehicle and battery concepts, the BMS will contain scalable safety modules with additional redundancy or different degree of surveillance. To ease maintainability and reusability of the battery, new diagnostic features for service, repair and 2nd life will be added.
Battery Management Systems for Automotive Li-Ion Batteries
2012
12 Seiten, 14 Bilder, 3 Quellen
Aufsatz (Konferenz)
Englisch
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