An overview of Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs) is given and their implementation problems are discussed. In this work a digital alternative to PUFs is presented. A random, unknown digital PUF is constructed based on cryptographic primitives which are randomly combined. The implementation size of the digital PUF for the microcontroller case is scalable and has a range from several kilo bytes to arbitrary size which is a lightweight concept. The estimated size for the FPGA implementation is hard to predict and depends heavily on the used FPGA technology and use-case. At the moment FPGAs implementations are being built to estimate the size of the mentioned monitor and success rate to find enough free logic blocks. Difficult problems like routing have to be solved in future research. Basic security considerations for the digital PUF on microcontrollers and FPGAs have been given. For many practical purposes the desired security level is to force an attacker to use semi-invasive or invasive attacks to prohibit economically-practically low-cost mass-cloning attacks. With the proposed digital PUF concept an attacker is forced to affect each single device separately which increase the demanding resources. This is especially attractive for low-cost embedded devices. If there exists a vulnerability in the underlying hardware which is the worst-case scenario, the hardware can be exchanged with less problems than PUF solutions. The implementation approach is presented and attacks like side channel or invasive attacks are considered. Also countermeasures like polymorphic implementations are discussed. Also the digital PUF is realizable on existing hardware and does not need special hardware components. Next to the flexible implementation of digital PUFs, protocols and projects are mentioned where a digital PUF can enhance the authentication in the automotive environment. The digital PUF can be utilized as a primitive in many protocols and scenarios. Also protocols which deal with analogue PUFs as primitives can be applied.
Realizing digital PUFs to enhance authentication in the automotive environment
2013
12 Seiten, 4 Bilder, 58 Quellen
Aufsatz (Konferenz)
Englisch
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