Biodiesel and bio-ethanol are expected to be the most applied biofuels in Europe in the short- to mid-term, especially in blended form with diesel and gasoline, respectively. There is a clear need to see what impact this blending will have on emissions and fuel consumption of current vehicles. Public information on this topic is mostly based on older technology. Within the Belgian research project BIOSES, emission and fuel consumption tests were performed on recent types of vehicles running on various biodiesel-diesel blends for diesel vehicles, and bio-ethanol-gasoline blends for gasoline and flex-fuel vehicles. The vehicles were tested on a proving ground with on-board emission measurement equipment, following different test cycles, including the European test cycle (NEDC) and a real-traffic-based cycle (MOL30). The paper shows an overview and discussion of the test results for Biodiesel blends, Bioethanol blends and Test cycles. In the test results described for four types of diesel vehicles, the following trends were found. 1. The effect of low-biodiesel blends on fuel consumption is marginal (up to 2 per cent lower or higher); for pure biodiesel volumetric fuel consumption was 4-5 per cent higher than for pure diesel, which corresponds with slightly better energy efficiency as biodiesel has about 10 per cent lower heating value compared to fossil diesel. 2. NO* emissions were clearly higher for pure biodiesel (between 5 and 15 per cent). The results for lower blends (B5, BIO, B30) are more diverse with a 10 per cent increase for one vehicle, while the other three vehicles hardly showed any impact, or even a small reduction of NOX emissions up to B30. There seems to be a reverse connection between energy consumption and NOX emissions. If energy consumption goes down, NOx emissions tend to increase. Technology choice (e.g. EGR) may have an impact here, but certainly for the light-duty vehicles this trend seemed to be confirmed. 3. Effects on CO and THC emissions were also diverse, with increasing emissions for one of the vehicles, and decreasing (or at least neutral) effects on the other. For the vehicle with increasing CO and THC emissions, the absolute CO and THC emission levels were actually at a very low level, so this is certainly not problematic in terms of reaching the Euro IV standard. 4. PM emissions were measured for the heavy-duty vehicles (truck and city bus), because for the other two vehicles (equipped with closed particulate filter) PM emissions were below the detection limit of the measurement equipment. For the truck and bus a clear decreasing trend of (mass-based) PM emissions with increasing biodiesel content was recorded. When looking at the overall results of the tests on ethanol blends, it may be concluded that the figures are quite positive for ethanol blends, although it should be kept in mind that car technologies can have an important impact on results. In terms of exhaust gas emissions, base levels on gasoline operation are usually very low, and these emissions are kept at a very low level with increasing ethanol blends. For CO and THC emissions there is even a clear decreasing trend. Fuel consumption generally increases with higher ethanol blends, more or less following the energy content of the fuel. When expressing the results in energy consumption, the results are neutral to positive, with up to 10% lower energy consumption for one FFV on E85. The exception was the energy consumption of the other tested FFV on one cycle (NEDC), which showed a clear increasing trend with higher ethanol blends. This, however, cannot be generalized, as on the real-traffic-based test cycle, energy consumption did not increase at all. The traditional 'new European test cycle' (NEDC), used to test passenger cars for compliance with emission standards, is known to underestimate real traffic fuel consumption and emissions. There is clearly a need also to perform tests on other test cycles which are more related to real traffic driving. Trends on the NEDC are not necessarily the same in real-traffic based cycles, and customers, as well as government and the scientific community, are entitled to know what they can expect from these vehicles and fuel combinations in real traffic circumstances.


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    Titel :

    Impact of biofuel blends on the emissions of modern vehicles


    Beteiligte:
    Pelkmans, L. (Autor:in) / Lenaers, G. (Autor:in) / Bruyninx, J. (Autor:in) / Scheepers, K. (Autor:in) / Vlieger, I. De (Autor:in)


    Erscheinungsdatum :

    2011


    Format / Umfang :

    17 Seiten, 11 Bilder, 11 Tabellen, 47 Quellen




    Medientyp :

    Aufsatz (Zeitschrift)


    Format :

    Print


    Sprache :

    Englisch




    Impact of biofuel blends on the emissions of modern vehicles

    Pelkmans, L / Lenaers, G / Bruyninx, J et al. | SAGE Publications | 2011



    Impact of biofuel blends on the emissions of modern vehicles

    Pelkmans,L. / Lenaers,G. / Bruyninx,J. et al. | Kraftfahrwesen | 2011


    One year market experience with biofuel blends

    Schulwitz,B. / Ges.f.Mineraloel-Analytik q.Qualitaetsmanagement,GMA,DE | Kraftfahrwesen | 2005


    Evaporative Emissions from Vehicles Operating on Methanol/Gasoline Blends

    Stamper,K.R. / Dep.of Energy,US | Kraftfahrwesen | 1980