This paper has demonstrated that it is possible to detect the nine spark eroded notches in the axle using the equipment listed and a combination of pulse-echo and pitchcatch phased array inspection techniques applied from the axle end face. It should be noted that where there are threaded holes in the end face of the axle used for attaching the axle end cap. These holes can create potential blind spots for all three regions when using pulseecho. To ensure that one scan gives 100% coverage of each region it may be necessary to use a bank of probes and a multigroup system. It should also be noted that, although the EDM notches were detected using the configurations described, it was not possible to accurately size them. This is due to the use of longitudinal waves that have longer wavelength and beam spread. It is possible to detect the nine spark eroded notches located within the three regions from the inner scan path using the equipment listed. Although inspecting the axle from the inner scan path can be achieved with one phased array probe, and without the need for multi probes, the resulting scans were noisier in the first 50mm distance from the endface. This is most likely due to the probe being closer to the centre spigot hole. An indirect incidence, using the backwall reflection, allows for more favorable angles of incidence in the notch (around 45º), which intensifies the corner effect, revealing a much stronger and more reliable interaction complying with a better detectability. Along with this advantage, there is the elimination of the longitudinal wave, avoiding the existence of more than one propagation mode. Inspecting from the axle end face using PAUT has been shown to be a promising technique. The advantage of the inspection of axles from their end face is the ability to deploy the phased array technique in-situ without the need to disassemble the wheelset, and thus reduce the train wagon downtime. The only disassembly required for this inspection technique would be the removal of the end cap from each axle end. One possible limitation to the widespread application of inspection of axles would be the different axle types. Some axle types have different hole size and depth cavity patterns present at the end face. Depending on the size, these holes can limit the probe placement since sound cannot be propagated through them.


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    Titel :

    The application of phased array ultrasonic techniques for inspection of railway axles from their end face


    Weitere Titelangaben:

    Die Anwendung der Ultraschall-Gruppenstrahlertechnik zur Prüfung von Eisenbahnachsen von deren Endseite aus


    Beteiligte:
    Liaptsis, D. (Autor:in) / Cooper, I. (Autor:in) / Boyle, K. (Autor:in) / Nicholson, P.I. (Autor:in)


    Erscheinungsdatum :

    2011


    Format / Umfang :

    8 Seiten, 7 Bilder, 1 Tabelle, 3 Quellen





    Medientyp :

    Aufsatz (Konferenz)


    Format :

    Datenträger


    Sprache :

    Englisch




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