The main aim of the study was to explore how LCA can be used to optimize the design of lithium-ion batteries for plug-in hybrid electric vehicles. Two lithium-ion batteries, both based on lithium iron phosphate, but using different solvents during cell manufacturing, were studied by means of life cycle assessment, LCA. The general conclusions are limited to results showing robustness against variation in critical data. The study showed that it is environmentally preferable to use water as a solvent instead of N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, NMP, in the slurry for casting the cathode and anode of lithium-ion batteries. Recent years' improvements in battery technology, especially related to cycle life, have decreased production phase environmental impacts almost to the level of use phase impacts. In the use phase, environmental impacts related to internal battery efficiency are two to six times larger than the impact from losses due to battery weight in plug-in hybrid electric vehicles, assuming 90% internal battery efficiency. Thus, internal battery efficiency is a very important parameter; at least as important as battery weight. Areas, in which data is missing or inadequate and the environmental impact is or may be significant, include: production of binders, production of lithium salts, cell manufacturing and assembly, the relationship between weight of vehicle and vehicle energy consumption, information about internal battery efficiency and recycling of lithium-ion batteries based on lithium iron phosphate.


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    Titel :

    Life cycle assessment of lithium-ion batteries for plug-in hybrid electric vehicles - Critical issues


    Weitere Titelangaben:

    Lebenszyklusanalyse von Lithiumionenbatterien für aufladbare Hybrid-Elektrofahrzeuge - kritische Punkte


    Beteiligte:
    Zackrisson, Mats (Autor:in) / Avellan, Lars (Autor:in) / Orlenius, Jessica (Autor:in)

    Erschienen in:

    Journal of Cleaner Production ; 18 , 15 ; 1519-1529


    Erscheinungsdatum :

    2010


    Format / Umfang :

    11 Seiten, 10 Bilder, 3 Tabellen, 33 Quellen




    Medientyp :

    Aufsatz (Zeitschrift)


    Format :

    Print


    Sprache :

    Englisch




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