Emission trading is generally seen as a promising method of attaining environmental standards in a cost-effective manner. The European Commission-sponsored MME project (Market-based Impact Mitigation for the Environment) investigates the possibility of developing a system of tradable permits for air traffic noise in the vicinity of airports. One fundamental challenge of the project is the development of a method to specify airlines noise impact, considering that this impact needs to be transferred into a number of permits. Based on state of the art noise metrics and dose-response functions, indices of different complexity were developed to quantify noise impact of single events. Compared to currently used categorization mechanisms, such as certification levels in combination with quota counts, the developed indices are able to reflect changes of noise impact due to noise abatement procedures or changes in route usage and schedule. A trading system based on the developed indices is expected to effectively support ICAO's Balanced Approach by offering an economic incentive to tap the full potential of mitigation possibilities. Three possible indices for tradable noise permits have been developed. They are all based on the principle of the quota count system. The first index 'enhanced quota count' represents the attempt to increase accuracy of the currently used quota count method to better adapt it to the needs of a noise trading scheme as proposed in the MEVIE project. The drawback of not being able to reward in-flight noise abatement procedures or to penalize usage of noise sensitive ground tracks, however, remains. The second index based on the idea of keeping exposure to total noise energy around the airport constant, makes it possible to account for situation of populations and hence noise sensitive areas, by introducing a virtual grid around the airport. However, it was shown that annoyance is not necessarily controlled by controlling exposure to noise energy. The third method to overcome this drawback by introducing a weighting factor for noise energy deviations from a reference. It has been shown that the weighting factor allows to effectively control annoyance rather than noise energy. Applicability of the different methods needs to be further assessed with more realistic test cases and finally simulation of whole traffic scenarios.
Development of an index for tradable noise permits
2009
9 Seiten, 3 Bilder, 6 Tabellen, 6 Quellen
Aufsatz (Konferenz)
Englisch
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