Exhaust emissions were evaluated from two heavy-haul six-axle 4500 horsepower locomotives originally certified to the U.S. EPA Tier 2 locomotive exhaust emission standards. Particulate matter (PM) mass emissions were measured using the new 40 CFR Part 1065 filter mass measurement procedures developed for measurement of PM from engines that include future Tier 3 and Tier 4 locomotives. The relative contribution of organic carbon (OC) and elemental carbon (EC) to PM mass was determined using a semi-continuous OC/EC analytical procedure. Tests were also conducted to determine the relative contribution of crankcase emission to the PM emissions for both locomotives. Emissions of OC were approximately 45% of the PM emitted over the Line-haul Locomotive Duty Cycle. The mass rate of OC was highest at the maximum power condition for both locomotives, where the OC accounted for approximately 40 to 50% of PM emissions. Crankcase emissions were a significant contributor to the OC portion of total PM emitted at high load conditions for both locomotives.


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    Titel :

    The composition of particulate matter emissions from two Tier 2 locomotives


    Weitere Titelangaben:

    Die Zusammensetzung der Partikelemissionen von zwei nach Tier 2 zertifizierten Lokomotiven


    Beteiligte:
    McDonald, Joseph (Autor:in) / Osborne, Dustin (Autor:in) / Khalek, Imad (Autor:in)


    Erscheinungsdatum :

    2009


    Format / Umfang :

    13 Seiten, 9 Bilder, 5 Tabellen, 11 Quellen



    Medientyp :

    Aufsatz (Konferenz)


    Format :

    Datenträger


    Sprache :

    Englisch