A 70 % reduction in CO2 emissions may be required, in the near future, to stabilise the concentration at current levels; this is because CO2 has a long lifespan in the atmosphere, so even a drastic overnight change in emissions will take time to be realised. Current opinion suggests that carbon capture and storage (CCS) is an important part of the strategy to help reduce CO2 emissions and involves a three-step process: capture and compression, transport (onshore and possibly offshore) by pressurised pipeline and injection to a geological storage site offshore. CCS implies the transportation of large quantities of carbon dioxide. Thus, CCS, particularly from power stations, will lead to an increased requirement for pipelines carrying carbon dioxide from capture locations to storage locations. The paper describes work carried out to compare carbon dioxide and natural gas pipelines in terms of hazard range and risk, in order to help inform whether carbon dioxide should be regulated as a dangerous fluid under the Pipeline Safety Regulations. This is in the context of HSE (Health and Safety Executive) acting as an enabling regulator, helping to facilitate the uptake of this new technology, including early identification and resolution of safety issues. The comparison in terms of hazard range is described. A description is then given of some subsequent work to make a comparison in terms of risk. Unlike natural gas, CO2 does not require ignition to cause harm. CO2 can give rise to similar hazard ranges and hazard footprint areas to natural gas at 7 barg. The toxicity of CO2 gives rise to much larger hazard ranges than for asphyxiation. Given the large scale of CCS projects, CO2 leakage in close proximity to residential areas may have the potential of MAHs (major accident hazards). In terms of hazard and risk, CO2 when used for CCS has sufficient toxicity to be regulated as a dangerous fluid under the Pipeline Safety Regulations, i.e. CO2 pipelines would be subject to land-use planning controls.


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    Titel :

    A comparison of hazard and risks for carbon dioxide and natural gas pipelines


    Beteiligte:
    Wilday, Jill (Autor:in) / McGillivray, Alison (Autor:in) / Harper, Peter (Autor:in) / Wardman, Mike (Autor:in)


    Erscheinungsdatum :

    2009


    Format / Umfang :

    7 Seiten, 4 Bilder, 6 Tabellen, 18 Quellen




    Medientyp :

    Aufsatz (Konferenz)


    Format :

    Datenträger


    Sprache :

    Englisch




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