In traffic accidents the injury patterns and distribution of injuries to specific body regions differ considerably depending on whether the persons injured were involved in the accident as occupants of the vehicle or as pedestrians. For that reason, the different risks of injury concerning the regions of the body, which can be derived from the kinematics of the accident, are particularly gone into. The origin of the injuries, i.e. the injury mechanics, however, are specific for each body part, and the severity of the injury essentially depends on the approach velocity between the human body part and the structure of contact as well as their respective stiffness. Therefore, the protection criteria that have been provided by the relatively young biomechanical research, and stipulated by the safety legislation, are independent, to a great extent, on the kind of participation in the accident of the injured person. They characterise certain values of mechanical quantities, like deflections, velocities, accelerations and forces which describe the boundaries of probability of reversible injuries. These will be shown in detail, explained and judged with regard to their importance. In the following, the authors look at the situations of injury in car-accidents, particularly frontal crashes, side collisions, as well as accidents with pedestrians. They make up 52 - 59 % of the complete accidental events depending on the view (number of accidents, number of deadly injured, consequential injury costs). From these different accident types result varying injuries patterns and injury risks which are unimportant when analysing injury mechanism. The varying types of injuries are only sometimes of concern, when new protection criteria were developed and legally established.
Injury risk of occupants and pedestrians. Injury mechanism and protection criteria
Verletzungsrisiko von Insassen und Fußgängern. Verletzungsmechanismus und Schutzkriterien
EVU Annual Congress, 17 ; 91-109
2008
19 Seiten, 19 Bilder, 2 Tabellen, 9 Quellen
Aufsatz (Konferenz)
Englisch
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