This paper deals with energy scavengers and energy storage devices as important building blocks for wireless autonomous sensor networks with a focus on automotive applications, especially on Hybrid Electrical Vehicles (HEVs). The basic task of the scavenger is to convert ambient energy, e.g. HEV engine vibration or centripetal tire acceleration into electrical energy. As these energy harvesting devices shrink in dimensions, while still providing sufficient energy, they will be key enablers for wireless autonomous sensor networks. For such purpose harvesting devices are being investigated, which feature a footprint of 1 cm2 and an average power harvesting level of 100 microW. A scavenger (in combination with an energy storage system) may be used to increase the energy efficiency of an autonomous system, thus exceeding the operational time of a purely autonomous energy storage-powered device. Subsequently, fully autonomous systems rely on energy storage systems which are continuously recharged by a scavenger. As an example, an Intelligent Tire system may measure and transmit the tire pressure and temperature through a wireless communication to a base station, e.g. a reading unit or the on-board computer of a vehicle. Subsequently, other parameters as the tire identification, force and friction may also be determined and transmitted by the Intelligent Tire system. These parameters may be further used for an efficient control, steering and increase safety of the HEV. Efficient power and energy storage management under the Intelligent Tire platform operational conditions is very important. As a result, various batteries and ultracapacitors systems are investigated in this article and their suitability for autonomous transducer systems will be also indicated.
Smart sensor networks for hybrid electrical vehicle applications
Intelligente Sensornetze für Hybridelektrofahrzeuge
2007
13 Seiten, 11 Bilder, 1 Tabelle, 11 Quellen
Aufsatz (Konferenz)
Englisch
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