During the filling of liquefied petroleum gases (LPGs) into small-to-medium-range pressurised storage systems, conventionally from the bottom nozzle, the displaced vapours are compressed and the pressure increases. While the increase is marginal for low feed rates due to simultaneous vapour condensation, pressure increases can be high at high inlet flowrates, typically in case of unloading of ships or large-capacity production units. While large-scale LPG storage systems typically use cryogenic tanks with vapour handling systems, the uncertainties of the pressure rise due to high inflow rates requires detailed evaluation of the necessity of a vapour handling system for other systems. Processes during filling from the bottom are vapour compression with temperature increase, vapour condensation and release of heat of condensation, heat transfer from the warm top liquid to the liquid below and heat exchange with the surroundings. Low flowrates allowing filling conditions close to the equilibrium are e.g. 50 m3/h to 100 m3/h to a spherical tank with a diameter of 18 m, while for the same tank a flowrate of 500 m3/h is high and will cause a significant pressure increase. A mathematical model is provided for the quick estimation of the temperature and pressure increase during filling. A less expensive alternative to the application of vapour compression and reliquefaction systems for the displaced vapours is filling the cold feed liquid directly on the top layer of the stored liquid by a distributor without using high-energy sprays or atomisation, i.e. a rain-filling system design. Atypical design has one distributor ring placed just above 60 % of the level and another smaller ring at about 80 % - 90 % of the level, the two ring arrangement taking care of a pressure rise at high level.


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    Titel :

    Analysis of pressure increase during filling of pressurized LPG storage systems


    Beteiligte:
    Mathur, S. (Autor:in) / Nanda, R. (Autor:in)

    Erschienen in:

    Hydrocarbon Processing ; 87 , 6 ; 129-131


    Erscheinungsdatum :

    2008


    Format / Umfang :

    3 Seiten, 4 Bilder, 3 Quellen



    Medientyp :

    Aufsatz (Zeitschrift)


    Format :

    Print


    Sprache :

    Englisch




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